least subalgebra
11Closure operator — In mathematics, a closure operator on a set S is a function cl: P(S) → P(S) from the power set of S to itself which satisfies the following conditions for all sets X,Y ⊆ S. X ⊆ cl(X) (cl is extensive) X ⊆ Y implies cl(X) ⊆ cl(Y)   (cl… …
12An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything — is a preprint proposing a basis for a unified field theory, named E8 Theory , which attempts to describe all known fundamental interactions in physics, and to stand as a possible theory of everything. The preprint was posted to the physics arXiv… …
13Representation theory — This article is about the theory of representations of algebraic structures by linear transformations and matrices. For the more general notion of representations throughout mathematics, see representation (mathematics). Representation theory is… …
14Fuzzy set — Fuzzy sets are sets whose elements have degrees of membership. Fuzzy sets have been introduced by Lotfi A. Zadeh (1965) as an extension of the classical notion of set. [# L.A. Zadeh (1965) Fuzzy sets. Information and Control 8 (3) 338 353 …
15Symplectomorphism — In mathematics, a symplectomorphism is an isomorphism in the category of symplectic manifolds. Formal definitionSpecifically, let ( M 1, omega;1) and ( M 2, omega;2) be symplectic manifolds. A map : f : M 1 rarr; M 2 is a symplectomorphism if it… …
16Hypercomplex number — The term hypercomplex number has been used in mathematics for the elements of algebras that extend or go beyond complex number arithmetic.Hypercomplex numbers have had a long lineage of devotees including Hermann Hankel, Georg Frobenius, Eduard… …
17Density matrix — Mixed state redirects here. For the psychiatric condition, see Mixed state (psychiatry). In quantum mechanics, a density matrix is a self adjoint (or Hermitian) positive semidefinite matrix (possibly infinite dimensional) of trace one, that… …
18Orthogonal group — Group theory Group theory …
19Topos — For topoi in literary theory, see Literary topos. For topoi in rhetorical invention, see Inventio. In mathematics, a topos (plural topoi or toposes ) is a type of category that behaves like the category of sheaves of sets on a topological space.… …
20Generating set — In mathematics, the expressions generator, generate, generated by and generating set can have several closely related technical meanings: * Generating set of an algebra: If A is a ring and B is an A algebra, then S generates B if the only sub A… …
