least squares criterion
51Filter design — is the process of designing a filter (in the sense in which the term is used in signal processing, statistics, and applied mathematics), often a linear shift invariant filter, which satisfies a set of requirements, some of which are contradictory …
52Confidence interval — This article is about the confidence interval. For Confidence distribution, see Confidence Distribution. In statistics, a confidence interval (CI) is a particular kind of interval estimate of a population parameter and is used to indicate the… …
53Bundle adjustment — right|thumb|A sparse matrix obtained when solving a modestlysized bundle adjustment problem. This is the sparsity pattern of a 992x992 normal equations(i.e. approximate Hessian) matrix. Black regions correspond to nonzero blocks.Given a set of… …
54P-value — In statistical significance testing, the p value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. One often rejects the null hypothesis when the …
55Loss function — In statistics and decision theory a loss function is a function that maps an event onto a real number intuitively representing some cost associated with the event. Typically it is used for parameter estimation, and the event in question is some… …
56Discrepancy function — A discrepancy function is a mathematical function which describes how closely a structural model conforms to observed data. Larger values of the discrepancy function indicate a poor fit of the model to data. In general, the parameter estimates… …
57Regularization (mathematics) — For other uses in related fields, see Regularization (disambiguation). In mathematics and statistics, particularly in the fields of machine learning and inverse problems, regularization involves introducing additional information in order to… …
58Rank (linear algebra) — The column rank of a matrix A is the maximum number of linearly independent column vectors of A. The row rank of a matrix A is the maximum number of linearly independent row vectors of A. Equivalently, the column rank of A is the dimension of the …
59Control chart — One of the Seven Basic Tools of Quality First described by Walter A. Shewhart …
60Eigenvalues and eigenvectors — For more specific information regarding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices, see Eigendecomposition of a matrix. In this shear mapping the red arrow changes direction but the blue arrow does not. Therefore the blue arrow is an… …
