lagrangian multiplier method
11BRST quantization — In theoretical physics, BRST quantization (where the BRST refers to Becchi, Rouet, Stora and Tyutin) is a relatively rigorous mathematical approach to quantizing a field theory with a gauge symmetry. Quantization rules in earlier QFT frameworks… …
12Alternatives to general relativity — are physical theories that attempt to describe the phenomena of gravitation in competition to Einstein s theory of general relativity.There have been many different attempts at constructing an ideal theory of gravity. These attempts can be split… …
13Convex optimization — Convex minimization, a subfield of optimization, studies the problem of minimizing convex functions over convex sets. Given a real vector space X together with a convex, real valued function defined on a convex subset of X, the problem is to find …
14DIIS — (direct inversion in the iterative subspace or direct inversion of the iterative subspace), also known as Pulay mixing, is an extrapolation technique. DIIS was developed by Peter Pulay in the field of computational quantum chemistry with the… …
15Pontryagin's minimum principle — Pontryagin s maximum (or minimum) principle is used in optimal control theory to find the best possible control for taking a dynamical system from one state to another, especially in the presence of constraints for the state or input controls. It …
16Ising model — The Ising model, named after the physicist Ernst Ising, is a mathematical model in statistical mechanics. It has since been used to model diverse phenomena in which bits of information, interacting in pairs, produce collectiveeffects.Definition… …
17Q-ball — For the ball used in billiards, see cue ball. Q ball is also the name of the Q sensor module in the Apollo spacecraft launch escape system. In theoretical physics, Q ball refers to a type ofnon topological soliton.A soliton is a localized field… …
18Matched filter — In telecommunications, a matched filter (originally known as a North filter[1]) is obtained by correlating a known signal, or template, with an unknown signal to detect the presence of the template in the unknown signal. This is equivalent to… …
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