lagrangian coordinates
121Virtual displacement — A virtual displacement delta mathbf {r} i is an assumed infinitesimal change of system coordinates occurring while time is held constant. It is called virtual rather than real since no actual displacement can take place without the passage of… …
122Superfield — In theoretical physics, one often analyzes theories with supersymmetry in which superfields play a very important role. In four dimensions, the simplest example namely the minimal N=1 supersymmetry may be written using a superspace with four… …
123D-module — In mathematics, a D module is a module over a ring D of differential operators. The major interest of such D modules is as an approach to the theory of linear partial differential equations. Since around 1970, D module theory has been built up,… …
124Covariant classical field theory — In recent years, there has been renewed interest in covariant classical field theory. Here, classical fields are represented by sections of fiber bundles and their dynamics is phrased in the context of a finite dimensional space of fields.… …
125Secondary calculus and cohomological physics — In mathematics, secondary calculus is a proposed expansion of classical differential calculus on manifolds, to the space of solutions of a (nonlinear) partial differential equation. It is a sophisticated theory at the level of jet spaces and… …
126n-body problem — This article is about the problem in classical mechanics. For the problem in quantum mechanics, see Many body problem. The n body problem is the problem of predicting the motion of a group of celestial objects that interact with each other… …
127Newtonian dynamics — In physics, the Newtonian dynamics is understood as the dynamics of a particle or a small body according to Newton s laws of motion. Contents 1 Mathematical generalizations 2 Newton s second law in a multidimensional space 3 Euclidean structure …
128Phase space — In mathematics and physics, a phase space, introduced by Willard Gibbs in 1901, is a space in which all possible states of a system are represented, with each possible state of the system corresponding to one unique point in the phase space. For… …
