ionizing effect
101gamma ray — Physics. 1. a photon of penetrating electromagnetic radiation (gamma radiation) emitted from an atomic nucleus. 2. a photon emitted by an electron as a result of internal conversion. 3. electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than… …
102space exploration — Investigation of the universe beyond Earth s atmosphere by means of manned and unmanned spacecraft. Study of the use of rockets for spaceflight began early in the 20th century. Germany s research on rocket propulsion in the 1930s led to… …
103blood disease — Introduction any disease of the blood, involving the red blood cells (erythrocytes (erythrocyte)), white blood cells (leukocytes (leukocyte)), or platelets (platelet) (thrombocytes) or the tissues in which these elements are formed the bone …
104skin disease — ▪ pathology Introduction any of the diseases or disorders that affect the human skin. They have a wide range of causes. General features Although most diseases affecting the skin originate in the layers of the skin, such abnormalities are… …
105Oxygen enhancement ratio — The Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER) in radiobiology refers to the enhancement of therapeutic or detrimental effect of ionizing radiation due to the presence of oxygen. The effect is most notable in ionizing radiation dose. Uses in medicine The… …
106Reionization — in the universe. The universe is currently ionized, in this sense.The first phase change was , which occurred at a redshift z = 1100 (400,000 years after the Big Bang), due to the cooling of the universe to the point where the rate of combination …
107Computed tomography — tomos (slice) and graphein (to write).Computed tomography was originally known as the EMI scan as it was developed at a research branch of EMI, a company best known today for its music and recording business. It was later known as computed axial… …
108Extreme ultraviolet lithography — (also known as EUV or EUVL ) is a next generation lithography technology using the 13.5 nm EUV wavelength. EUVL opticsEUVL is a significant departure from the deep ultraviolet lithography used today. All matter absorbs EUV radiation. Hence, EUV… …
109Epidemiology and etiology of breast cancer — Epidemiological risk factors for a disease can provide important clues as to the etiology, or cause, of a disease. The first work on the epidemiology and etiology of breast cancer was done by Janet Lane Claypon, who published a comparative study… …
110Dosimetry — Radiation dosimetry is the measurement and calculation of the absorbed dose in matter and tissue resulting from the exposure to indirect and direct ionizing radiation. It is a scientific subspecialty in the fields of health physics and medical… …
