ionized form
31ionosphere and magnetosphere — ▪ atmospheric science Introduction regions of Earth s (Earth) atmosphere in which the number of electrically charged particles ions (ion) and electrons (electron) are large enough to affect the propagation of radio waves (electromagnetic… …
32mass spectrometry — or mass spectroscopy Analytic technique by which chemical substances are identified by sorting gaseous ions by mass using electric and magnetic fields. A mass spectrometer uses electrical means to detect the sorted ions, while a mass spectrograph …
33Interstellar medium — Interstellar redirects here. For other uses, see Interstellar (disambiguation). The distribution of ionized hydrogen (known by astronomers as H II from old spectroscopic terminology) in the parts of the Galactic interstellar medium visible… …
34Plasma (physics) — For other uses, see Plasma. Plasma lamp, illustrating some of the more complex phenomena of a plasma, including filamentation. The colors are a result of relaxation of electrons in excited states to lower energy states after they have recombined… …
35Stellar classification — In astronomy, stellar classification is a classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics. The spectral class of a star is a designated class of a star describing the ionization of its chromosphere, what atomic excitations are… …
36Nebula — Nebulae redirects here. For the supercomputer in China, see Nebulae (computer). For other uses, see Nebula (disambiguation). The Pillars of Creation from the Eagle Nebula …
37electromagnetic radiation — Physics. radiation consisting of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x rays, and gamma rays. [1950 55] * * * Energy propagated through free space or through a material medium in the form of… …
38Galaxy — This article is about the astronomical structure. For other uses, see Galaxy (disambiguation). NGC 4414, a typical spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices, is about 55,000 light years in diameter and approximately 60 million light… …
39Sun — This article is about the star. For other uses, see Sun (disambiguation). The Sun …
40Mass spectrometry — (MS) is an analytical technique that measures the mass to charge ratio of charged particles.[1] It is used for determining masses of particles, for determining the elemental composition of a sample or molecule, and for elucidating the chemical… …
