ionized air
101X-ray astronomy — X rays start at 0.008 nm and extend across the electromagnetic spectrum to 8 nm, over which the Earth s atmosphere is opaque. X ray astronomy is an observational branch of astronomy which deals with the study of X ray observation and detection… …
102X-ray fluorescence — (XRF) is the emission of characteristic secondary (or fluorescent) X rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high energy X rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis,… …
103Gas-filled tube — See also: Gas discharge lamp A gas filled tube, also known as a discharge tube, is an arrangement of electrodes in a gas within an insulating, temperature resistant envelope. Although the envelope is typically glass, power tubes often use… …
104Ion therapy — is based on the belief that there are health benefits from doses of negatively charged particles. This therapy typically uses a special electronic device that generates negatively charged particles.Negative ions contain an extra electron, and are …
105Plasma-based weaponry — is any group of weapons designed to use high energy ionized gas or plasma , typically created by superheating lasers or superfrequency devices. There has been notable interest in its development. One plasma prototype weapon exists in Russia which …
106Meteor burst communications — Meteor scatter propagation as used by SNOTEL Meteor burst communications (MBC), also referred to as meteor scatter communications[1], is a radio propagation mode that exploits the ionized trails of meteors during atmospheric entry to establish… …
107DART ion source — A capsule being analyzed is held in the sample chamber between the DART ion source (right) and the spectrometer inlet (cone on left). DART (Direct Analysis in Real Time) is an atmospheric pressure ion source that instantaneously ionizes gases,… …
108dating — I In geology and archaeology, the process of determining an object s or event s place within a chronological scheme. Scientists may use either relative dating, in which items are sequenced on the basis of stratigraphic clues (see stratigraphy) or …
109ion-exchange reaction — ▪ chemical reaction Introduction any of a class of chemical reactions between two substances (each consisting of positively and negatively charged species called ions (ion)) that involves an exchange of one or more ionic components.… …
110pH — For other uses, see PH (disambiguation). Acids and Bases Acid dissociation constant Acid base extraction Acid–base reaction Acid–base titration Dissociation c …
