ionization state
61Radiation hardening — is a method of designing and testing electronic components and systems to make them resistant to damage or malfunctions caused by ionizing radiation (particle radiation and high energy electromagnetic radiation),[1] such as would be encountered… …
62Massenspektrometrie — Als Massenspektrometrie werden Verfahren zum Messen der Masse von Atomen oder Molekülen bezeichnet. Die Massenspektrometrie zählt nicht zu den Methoden der Spektroskopie, da es nicht um Spektren von elektromagnetischer Strahlung geht. Die zu… …
63alkali metal — Chem. any of the group of univalent metals including potassium, sodium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, and francium, whose hydroxides are alkalis. [1880 85] * * * Any of the six chemical elements in the leftmost group of the periodic table (lithium,… …
64Corona discharge — The corona discharge around a high voltage coil …
65electromagnetic radiation — Physics. radiation consisting of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x rays, and gamma rays. [1950 55] * * * Energy propagated through free space or through a material medium in the form of… …
66Ion source — An ion source is an electro magnetic device that is used to create charged particles. These are used primarily within mass spectrometers or particle accelerators.Mass spectrometry In mass spectrometry, an ion source is a piece of equipment used… …
67Environmental scanning electron microscope — Wool fibers imaged in an ESEM by the use of two symmetrical plastic scintillating backscattered electron detectors …
68Hydronium — Hydronium …
69Ionosphere — The ionosphere is a part of the upper atmosphere, comprising portions of the mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere, distinguished because it is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important part in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner …
70Strömgren sphere — In theoretical astrophysics, a Strömgren sphere is the sphere of ionized hydrogen (H II) around a young star of the spectral classes O or B. Its counterpart in the real word are the H II regions, a type of an emission nebula, the most prominent… …
