ion tunneling
21Kinetic isotope effect — The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is the ratio of reaction rates of two different isotopically labeled molecules in a chemical reaction. It is also called isotope fractionation, although this term is somewhat broader in meaning. A KIE involving… …
22Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …
23Physical Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Scientists discovered a new family of superconducting materials and obtained unique images of individual hydrogen atoms and of a multiple exoplanet system. Europe completed the Large Hadron Collider, and China and India took… …
24Enzyme — Biocatalyst redirects here. For the use of natural catalysts in organic chemistry, see Biocatalysis. Human glyoxalase I. Two zinc ions that are needed for the enzyme to catalyze its reaction are shown as purp …
25Surface diffusion — [ adatom diffusing across a square surface lattice. Note the frequency of vibration of the adatom is greater than the jump rate to nearby sites. Also, the model displays examples of both nearest neighbor jumps (straight) and next nearest neighbor …
26Silvaco — Infobox Company company name = Silvaco International company company type = Private Company| foundation = 1984 location = key people = Dr Ivan Pesic, President/CEO industry = Software Programming homepage = [http://www.silvaco.com/… …
27Cluster decay — Nuclear physics Radioactive decay Nuclear fission Nuclear fusion Classical decays …
28Memristor — Type Passive Working principle Memristance Invented Leon Chua (1971) First production HP Labs (2008) Electronic symbol …
29Magnetic force microscope — MFM images of 3.2 GB and 30 GB computer hard drive surfaces. Magnetic force microscope (MFM) is a variety of atomic force microscope, where a sharp magnetized tip scans a magnetic sample; the tip sample magnetic interactions are detected and used …
30nanotechnology — /nan euh tek nol euh jee, nay neuh /, n. any technology on the scale of nanometers. [1987] * * * Manipulation of atoms, molecules, and materials to form structures on the scale of nanometres (billionths of a metre). These nanostructures typically …
