internal symmetry
411/N expansion — In quantum field theory and statistical mechanics, the 1/N expansion (also known as the large N expansion) is a particular perturbative analysis of quantum field theories with an internal symmetry group such as SO(N) or SU(N). It consists in… …
42Quantization (physics) — In physics, quantization is a procedure for constructing a quantum field theory starting from a classical field theory. This is a generalization of the procedure for building quantum mechanics from classical mechanics. One also speaks of field… …
43Non-linear sigma model — In quantum field theory, a nonlinear σ model describes a scalar field Σ which takes on values in a nonlinear manifold called the target manifold T. The target manifold is equipped with a Riemannian metric g. Σ is a differentiable map from… …
44(-1)F — In a quantum field theory with fermions, (−1) F is a unitary, Hermitian, involutive operator which multiplies bosonic states by 1 and fermionic states by −1. This is always a global internal symmetry of any quantum field theory with fermions and… …
45(−1)F — In a quantum field theory with fermions, (−1)F is a unitary, Hermitian, involutive operator which multiplies bosonic states by 1 and fermionic states by −1. This is always a global internal symmetry of any quantum field theory with fermions and… …
46vidinė simetrija — statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Simetriškas atomų išsidėstymas kristale. atitikmenys: angl. internal symmetry rus. внутренняя симметрия …
47внутренняя симметрия — vidinė simetrija statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Simetriškas atomų išsidėstymas kristale. atitikmenys: angl. internal symmetry rus. внутренняя симметрия …
48echinoderm — /i kuy neuh derrm , ek euh neuh /, n. any marine animal of the invertebrate phylum Echinodermata, having a radiating arrangement of parts and a body wall stiffened by calcareous pieces that may protrude as spines and including the starfishes, sea …
49Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
50animal — animalic /an euh mal ik/, animalian /an euh may lee euhn, mayl yeuhn/, adj. /an euh meuhl/, n. 1. any member of the kingdom Animalia, comprising multicellular organisms that have a well defined shape and usually limited growth, can move… …
