intensity-of-use coefficient
41Optical tweezers — (originally called single beam gradient force trap ) are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch… …
42Quantum amplifier — In physics, the term quantum amplifier may refer to any device, which use some non classical (quantum) effects for amplification of signal. In this sense, the active element of an optical laser can be considered as quantum amplifier.The weak… …
43Crystal oscillator — A miniature 4 MHz quartz crystal enclosed in a hermetically sealed HC 49/US package, used as the resonator in a crystal oscillator. A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal …
44Digital image correlation — and Tracking (DIC/DDIT) is an optical method that employs tracking image registration techniques for accurate 2D and 3D measurements of changes in images. This is often used to measure deformation (engineering), displacement, and strain, but it… …
45Metal-halide lamp — A metal halide gas discharge lighting system provides illumination for a college baseball game at Olsen Field in College Station, Texas, United States. Note the various colors of the lights as they warm up. Metal halide lamps, a member of the… …
46Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) — An overview of electromagnetic radiation absorption. This example discusses the general principle using visible light as specific example. A white beam source emitting light of multiple wavelengths is focused on a sample (the complementary color… …
47Balanced flow — In atmospheric science, balanced flow is an idealisation of atmospheric motion. The idealisation consists in considering the behaviour of one isolated parcel of air having constant density, its motion on a horizontal plane subject to selected… …
48Matrix mechanics — Quantum mechanics Uncertainty principle …
49Measuring instrument — Captain Nemo and Professor Aronnax contemplating measuring instruments in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea …
50Atmospheric reentry — refers to the movement of human made or natural objects as they enter the atmosphere of a planet from outer space, in the case of Earth from an altitude above the edge of space. This article primarily addresses the process of controlled reentry… …
