integrated-circuit substrate
41Chemical vapor deposition — DC plasma (violet) enhances the growth of carbon nanotubes in this laboratory scale PECVD apparatus. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a chemical process used to produce high purity, high performance solid materials. The process is often used in …
42transistor — /tran zis teuhr/, n. 1. Electronics. a semiconductor device that amplifies, oscillates, or switches the flow of current between two terminals by varying the current or voltage between one of the terminals and a third: although much smaller in… …
43History of computing hardware (1960s–present) — The history of computing hardware starting at 1960 is marked by the conversion from vacuum tube to solid state devices such as the transistor and later the integrated circuit. By 1959 discrete transistors were considered sufficiently reliable and …
44Electromigration — is the transport of material caused by the gradual movement of the ions in a conductor due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms. The effect is important in applications where high direct current… …
45System in package — A System in a Package or System in Package (SiP), also known as a Chip Stack MCM, is a number of integrated circuits enclosed in a single package or module. The SiP performs all or most of the functions of an electronic system, and are typically… …
46crystal — crystallike, adj. /kris tl/, n., adj., v., crystaled, crystaling or (esp. Brit.) crystalled, crystalling. n. 1. a clear, transparent mineral or glass resembling ice. 2. the transparent form of crystallized quartz. 3. Chem., Mineral. a solid body… …
47Crystal — /kris tl/, n. 1. a city in SE Minnesota, near Minneapolis. 25,543. 2. a female given name. * * * I Any solid material whose atoms are arranged in a definite pattern and whose surface regularity reflects its internal symmetry. Each of a crystal s… …
48Nanofluidic circuitry — is a nanotechnology aiming for control of fluids in nanometer scale. Due to the effect of an electrical double layer within the fluid channel, the behavior of nanofluid is observed to be significantly different compared with its microfluidic… …
49Semiconductor device fabrication — Semiconductor manufacturing processes 10 µm 1971 3 µm 1975 1.5 µm 1982 …
50Graphene — is a one atom thick planar sheet of sp2 bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. It can be viewed as an atomic scale chicken wire made of carbon atoms and their bonds. The name comes from GRAPHITE + ENE;… …
