insulator-insulator transition
61Cryogenic particle detectors — operate at very low temperature, typically only a few degrees above absolute zero. These sensors interact with an energetic elementary particle (such as a photon) and deliver a signal which can be related to the type of particle and the nature of …
62High-k dielectric — The term high κ dielectric refers to a material with a high dielectric constant (κ) (as compared to silicon dioxide) used in semiconductor manufacturing processes which replaces the silicon dioxide gate dielectric. The implementation of high κ… …
63cluster — clusteringly, adv. clustery, adj. /klus teuhr/, n. 1. a number of things of the same kind, growing or held together; a bunch: a cluster of grapes. 2. a group of things or persons close together: There was a cluster of tourists at the gate. 3. U.S …
64Crystallography — For the book of poetry, see Crystallography (book). A crystalline solid: atomic resolution image of strontium titanate. Brighter atoms are Sr and darker ones are Ti. Crystallography is the experimental science of the arrangement of atoms in… …
65Nevill Francis Mott — Born 30 September 1905(1905 09 30) Leeds …
66Plasma (physics) — For other uses, see Plasma. Plasma lamp, illustrating some of the more complex phenomena of a plasma, including filamentation. The colors are a result of relaxation of electrons in excited states to lower energy states after they have recombined… …
67magnetic resonance — Absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation by electrons or atomic nuclei in response to certain magnetic fields. The principles of magnetic resonance are used to study the atomic and nuclear properties of matter; two common laboratory… …
68Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
69high-pressure phenomena — ▪ physics Introduction changes in physical, chemical, and structural characteristics that matter undergoes when subjected to high pressure. pressure thus serves as a versatile tool in materials research, and it is especially important in… …
70Mesoscopic physics — Condensed matter physics Phases · Phase tr …
