initial temperature
81chemical element — Introduction also called element, any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. Elements are the fundamental materials of which all matter is composed. This article considers the… …
82plant development — Introduction a multiphasic process in which two distinct forms succeed each other in alternating generations. One form, created by the union of sexual cells (gametes (gamete)), contains two sets of similar chromosomes (diploid). At sexual… …
83Main sequence — A Hertzsprung Russell diagram plots the actual brightness (or absolute magnitude) of a star against its color index (represented as B V). The main sequence is visible as a prominent diagonal band that runs from the upper left to the lower right.… …
84solids, mechanics of — ▪ physics Introduction science concerned with the stressing (stress), deformation (deformation and flow), and failure of solid materials and structures. What, then, is a solid? Any material, fluid or solid, can support normal forces.… …
85Thermal expansion — Thermodynamics …
86weather forecasting — Prediction of the weather through application of the principles of physics and meteorology. Weather forecasting predicts atmospheric phenomena and changes on the Earth s surface caused by atmospheric conditions (snow and ice cover, storm tides,… …
87Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
88chemical kinetics — Introduction the branch of physical chemistry (chemistry) that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions (chemical reaction). It is to be contrasted with thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a… …
89physical science, principles of — Introduction the procedures and concepts employed by those who study the inorganic world. physical science, like all the natural sciences, is concerned with describing and relating to one another those experiences of the surrounding… …
90History of Physics — History of Physics † Catholic Encyclopedia ► History of Physics The subject will be treated under the following heads: I. A Glance at Ancient Physics; II. Science and Early Christian Scholars; III. A Glance at Arabian Physics; IV.… …
