initial temperature
31Gas chromatography — A gas chromatograph with a headspace sampler Acronym GLC, GC Classification chromatography Analytes organic inorganic …
32Lumped capacitance model — A lumped capacitance model, also called lumped system analysis,[1] reduces a thermal system to a number of discrete “lumps” and assumes that the temperature difference inside each lump is negligible. This approximation is useful to simplify… …
33Convective heat transfer — See also: Heat transfer and convection This figure shows a calculation for thermal convection. Colors closer to red are hot areas and colors closer to blue are cold areas. In this figure, a hot, less dense lower boundary layer sends plumes… …
34Type II supernova — The expanding remnant of SN 1987A, a Type II P supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud. NASA image. A Type II supernova (plural: supernovae) results from the rapid collapse and violent explosion of a massive star. A star must have at least 9… …
35cluster — clusteringly, adv. clustery, adj. /klus teuhr/, n. 1. a number of things of the same kind, growing or held together; a bunch: a cluster of grapes. 2. a group of things or persons close together: There was a cluster of tourists at the gate. 3. U.S …
36parabolic equation — any of a class of partial differential equations arising in the mathematical analysis of diffusion phenomena, as in the heating of a slab. The simplest such equation in one dimension, uxx = ut, governs the temperature distribution at the… …
37Antiquity of the World — Antiquity of the World † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Antiquity of the World Various attempts have been made to establish the age of the world. Two groups of scientists have especially busied themselves with this question: physicists and… …
38Water heating — is a thermodynamic process using an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature. Typical domestic uses of hot water are for cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating. In industry, both hot water and water heated to steam have… …
39igneous rock — Any of various crystalline or glassy, noncrystalline rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of molten earth material (magma). Igneous rocks comprise one of the three principal classes of rocks, the others being metamorphic and sedimentary …
40Mechanical equivalent of heat — For other uses, see Conservation of energy. In the history of science, the mechanical equivalent of heat was a concept that had an important part in the development and acceptance of the conservation of energy and the establishment of the science …
