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  • 81LIFE CYCLE — A bar mitzvah boy surrounded by family and friends carries the Torah Scroll as part of the Torah reading at the Western Wall, one of the favored sites in Israel to commemorate a boy s Jewish coming of age. Photo: Z. Radovan, Jerusalem.   FOR A… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • 82ART AND CALLIGRAPHY — Israeli sculptor. The gates contain themes of the menorah, the Hebrew letter shin, a tree, and praying hands. Iron. Photo: David Harris. ) Ornamental entrance gates to the Israel President s Residence, 1971, by Bezalel Schatz (1912–1978), Israeli …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • 83COMMUNITIES — The first female rabbi in Italy celebrates Ḥanukkah at Lev Chadash synagogue in Milan, 2004. © Silvia Morara/Corbis.   IN 2005, THE WORLDWIDE JEWISH POPULATION WAS ESTIMATED TO BE CLOSE TO 14 MILLION PERSONS, WITH ITS LARGEST NUMBERS IN NORTH… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • 84SABBATH AND FESTIVALS — <! > !shavuotfestival of the first fruitscelebrated in a kibbutz in israel with the presentation of first fruits. Shavuot festival of the first fruits celebrated in a kibbutz in Israel with the presentation of first fruits. In the Temple… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • 85LIFE CYCLE — The Jewish cemetery in Prague, where some of the headstones date from the 14th century. Photo: Z. Radovan, Jerusalem.   FOR A JEW THE STAGES OF LIFE ARE ACCOMPANIED BY VARIOUS RITUALS AND CEREMONIES, FROM BIRTH THROUGH EDUCATION AND BAR/BAT… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • 86ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS — The solemn Tisha Be Av prayer. Men are sitting on the floor and women are standing in the women s section, while the rabbi is blowing the shofar. From the Rothschild Miscellany, northern Italy, c. 1470. Collection, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem.… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • 87MEMORIALIZATION OF THE HOLOCAUST — The Hall of Names in the Holocaust History Museum at Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, is the repository of the Pages of Testimony memorializing the victims of the Holocaust. Courtesy of Yad Vashem, Jerusalem. Photo: Yossi Ben David.   AROUND THE WORLD… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • 88ARCHAEOLOGY — A Corinthian capital, 4th–3rd century B.C.E., with the head of the god Dionysos, found at Bet She an. Photo: Hanan Isachar.   THE LAND OF ISRAEL OFFERS A FASCINATING VARIETY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS THAT ILLUMINATE THE ATTACHMENT OF THE JEWISH… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • 89KETUBBOT — Depictions of the Holy City and the Temple, Padua, Italy, 1732. Parchment, tempera, gold powder, pen and ink, 88.7 × 59 cm. Collection, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem.   A DOCUMENT, IN ARAMAIC, RECORDING THE… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • 90HOLY LAND IN MAPS — Heinrich Bunting, German, 1546–1606. The Whole World in a Clover Leaf. Woodcut, 1581. Gift of Tamar and Teddy Kollek, Jerusalem. The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Photo: Z. Radovan, Jerusalem.   THE HISTORY OF THE MAPPING OF THE HOLY LAND EPITOMIZES… …

    Encyclopedia of Judaism