infinitesimal neighborhood
21Gauss' law for gravity — In physics, Gauss law for gravity, also known as Gauss flux theorem for gravity, is a law of physics which is essentially equivalent to Newton s law of universal gravitation. Its form is mathematically similar to Gauss law for electricity; in… …
22Holomorphic function — A rectangular grid (top) and its image under a holomorphic function f (bottom). In mathematics, holomorphic functions are the central objects of study in complex analysis. A holomorphic function is a complex valued function of one or more complex …
23Covariant derivative — In mathematics, the covariant derivative is a way of specifying a derivative along tangent vectors of a manifold. Alternatively, the covariant derivative is a way of introducing and working with a connection on a manifold by means of a… …
24Quotient ring — In mathematics a quotient ring, also known as factor ring or residue class ring, is a construction in ring theory, quite similar to the factor groups of group theory and the quotient spaces of linear algebra. One starts with a ring R and a two… …
25Cartan connection — In the mathematical field of differential geometry, a Cartan connection is a flexible generalization of the notion of an affine connection. It may also be regarded as a specialization of the general concept of a principal connection, in which the …
26Formal scheme — In mathematics, specifically in algebraic geometry, a formal scheme is a type of space which includes data about its surroundings. Unlike an ordinary scheme, a formal scheme includes infinitesimal data that, in effect, points in a direction off… …
27Lie algebra — In mathematics, a Lie algebra is an algebraic structure whose main use is in studying geometric objects such as Lie groups and differentiable manifolds. Lie algebras were introduced to study the concept of infinitesimal transformations. The term… …
28Maxwell's equations — For thermodynamic relations, see Maxwell relations. Electromagnetism …
29Infraparticle — In electrodynamics and quantum electrodynamics, in addition to the global U(1) symmetry related to the electric charge, we also have position dependent gauge transformations. Noether s theorem states for every infinitesimal symmetry… …
30Optical aberration — v · d · e Optical aberration …
