idempotent
111Maximal subgroup — Lattice of subgroups of the symmetric group S4 M. s. are A4, three Dih4 and four S3 (Compare: Subgroups of S …
112Generation loss — Digital generation loss induced by rotating a JPEG image 90 degrees (from top to bottom) 0, 100, 200, 500, 900, and 2000 times (without using lossless tools) Generation loss refers to the loss of quality between subsequent copies or transcodes of …
113Irreducible component — In mathematics, the concept of irreducible component is used to make formal the idea that a set such as defined by the equation: XY = 0is the union of the two lines: X = 0and : Y = 0.The notion of irreducibility is stronger than connectedness.… …
114Boolean algebra (logic) — For other uses, see Boolean algebra (disambiguation). Boolean algebra (or Boolean logic) is a logical calculus of truth values, developed by George Boole in the 1840s. It resembles the algebra of real numbers, but with the numeric operations of… …
115Kaplansky's conjecture — The mathematician Irving Kaplansky is notable for proposing numerous conjectures in several branches of mathematics, including a list of ten conjectures on Hopf algebras. They are usually known as Kaplansky s conjectures. NOTOC Kaplansky s… …
116Heap (mathematics) — In abstract algebra, a heap (sometimes also called a groud) is a mathematical generalisation of a group. Informally speaking, one obtains a heap from a group by forgetting which element is the unit, in the same way that one can think of an affine …
117Semiperfect ring — In abstract algebra, a semiperfect ring is a ring over which every finitely generated left module has a projective cover. This property is left right symmetric. Definition Let R be ring. Then R is semiperfect if any of the following equivalent… …
118Semifield — In mathematics, a semifield is an algebraic structure with two binary operations, addition and multiplication, which is similar to the field, but with some axioms relaxed. There are at least two conflicting conventions of what constitutes a… …
119Centering matrix — In mathematics and multivariate statistics, the centering matrix [John I. Marden, Analyzing and Modeling Rank Data , Chapman Hall, 1995, ISBN 0412995212, page 59.] is a symmetric and idempotent matrix, which when multiplied with a vector has the… …
120Optimistic replication — Optimistic replication[1] (also known as lazy replication[2][3]) is a strategy for replication in which replicas are allowed to diverge. Traditional pessimistic replication systems try to guarantee from the beginning that all of the replicas are… …
