ideal-theoretic operation
41Essence and Existence — • Essence, described as that whereby a thing is what it is. Existence is that whereby the essence is an actuality in the line of being Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Essence and Existence Essence and Existence …
42Gödel's incompleteness theorems — In mathematical logic, Gödel s incompleteness theorems, proved by Kurt Gödel in 1931, are two theorems stating inherent limitations of all but the most trivial formal systems for arithmetic of mathematical interest. The theorems are of… …
43Galois connection — In mathematics, especially in order theory, a Galois connection is a particular correspondence between two partially ordered sets (posets). Galois connections generalize the correspondence between subgroups and subfields investigated in Galois… …
44Reverse mathematics — is a program in mathematical logic that seeks to determine which axioms are required to prove theorems of mathematics. The method can briefly be described as going backwards from the theorems to the axioms. This contrasts with the ordinary… …
45John Ruskin — (né le 8 février 1819 à Londres et décédé le 20 janvier 1900 dans sa résidence de Brantwood à Coniston en Cumbrie) est un écrivain, poète, peintre et critique d art britannique. Fils unique d une riche famille, il fut éduqué à …
46Christianity — • An account is given of Christianity as a religion, describing its origin, its relation to other religions, its essential nature and chief characteristics, but not dealing with its doctrines in detail nor its history as a visible organization… …
47Distributive lattice — In mathematics, distributive lattices are lattices for which the operations of join and meet distribute over each other. The prototypical examples of such structures are collections of sets for which the lattice operations can be given by set… …
48political science — political scientist. a social science dealing with political institutions and with the principles and conduct of government. [1770 80] * * * Academic discipline concerned with the empirical study of government and politics. Political scientists… …
49Political science — For the Randy Newman song of the same name, see Political Science (song). Part of the Politics series Politics …
50Trace (linear algebra) — In linear algebra, the trace of an n by n square matrix A is defined to be the sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of A, i.e., where aii represents the entry on the ith row and ith column …
