ice-rich permafrost
1permafrost — /perr meuh frawst , frost /, n. (in arctic or subarctic regions) perennially frozen subsoil. Also called pergelisol. [1943; PERMA(NENT) + FROST] * * * Perennially frozen earth, with a temperature below 32 °F (0 °C) continuously for two years or… …
2Drunken trees — Not to be confused with the floss silk tree, also known as the drunken tree or palo borracho. A drunken forest in Siberia caused by melting permafrost. NASA photo. Drunken trees, tilted trees, or a drunken forest, is a stand of trees displaced… …
3Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System — The construction of the Trans Alaska Pipeline System was a massive undertaking involving tens of thousands of people often in extreme temperatures and conditions. Specialized construction techniques were pioneered to build the pipeline, most of… …
4Thermokarst — refers to a land surface that forms as ice rich permafrost melts. It occurs extensively in Arctic areas, and on a smaller scale in mountainous areas such as the Himalayas and the Swiss Alps. The name is given to very irregular surfaces of marshy… …
5Thermosiphon — (alt. thermosyphon) refers to a method of passive heat exchange based on natural convection which circulates liquid in a vertical closed loop circuit without requiring a conventional pump. Its intended purpose is to simplify the pumping of liquid …
6alas — A type of thermokarst depression with steep sides and a flat, grass covered floor, found in thermokarst terrain, produced by thawing of extensive areas of very thick and exceedingly ice rich permafrost. Compare: thermokarst depression.… …
7Geology of Mars — Mars   Mars as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope Designations …
8Phoenix (spacecraft) — This article is about the Mars lander. For the Star Trek spacecraft, see Phoenix (Star Trek). For other uses, see Phoenix (disambiguation). Phoenix Mars Mission Artist s impression of the Phoenix spacecraft as it lands on Mars Operator NASA …
9Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences — The Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) is a research institute that is sponsored jointly by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and the… …
10Precambrian time — Interval of geologic time from с 3. 8 billion years ago, the age of the oldest known rocks, to 544 million years ago, the beginning of the Cambrian Period. This interval represents more than 80% of the geologic record and thus provides important… …
