historical tendencies
21Gramsci, Antonio — (1891–1937) One of the most important and influential of Marxist thinkers. Antonio Gramsci outlined an interpretation of Marxism that offers an alternative to Leninism and suggests imaginative innovations and revisions to orthodox Marxism. In… …
22Mesopotamia, history of — ▪ historical region, Asia Introduction history of the region in southwestern Asia where the world s earliest civilization developed. The name comes from a Greek word meaning “between rivers,” referring to the land between the Tigris and… …
23ancient Greek civilization — ▪ historical region, Eurasia Introduction the period following Mycenaean civilization, which ended in about 1200 BC, to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC. It was a period of political, philosophical, artistic, and scientific… …
24Sandinista Ideologies — Historical Synopsis of the Implementation of SandinismThrough the transformation of the Movement for a New Nicaragua (MNN) to the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in 1961, Carlos Fonseca and his fellow revolutionary leaders adopted the …
25Science and religion in the Czech lands and Slovakia — Historical backdrop The field of “science and religion” (for lack of a better term; to denote that it is a single notion, we shall use the abbreviation “S R”) has a (relatively) long history in the Czech lands and Slovakia. The census of 1910… …
26Kremsier Parliament — Historical BackgroundThe Kremsier Parliament (Assembly at Kroměříž) was the Constituent Assembly formerly convening in Vienna but later residing in Kremsier, Moravia, to avoid martial law in Vienna. Following the popular trend in Europe during… …
27KABBALAH — This entry is arranged according to the following outline: introduction general notes terms used for kabbalah the historical development of the kabbalah the early beginnings of mysticism and esotericism apocalyptic esotericism and merkabah… …
28Christianity — /kris chee an i tee/, n., pl. Christianities. 1. the Christian religion, including the Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox churches. 2. Christian beliefs or practices; Christian quality or character: Christianity mixed with pagan elements; …
29Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …
30MUSIC — This article is arranged according to the following outline: introduction written sources of direct and circumstantial evidence the material relics and iconography notated sources oral tradition archives and important collections of jewish music… …
