high-gain laser
21Chemical laser — A chemical laser is a laser that obtains its energy from a chemical reaction. Chemical lasers can achieve continuous wave output with power reaching to megawatt levels. They are used in industry for cutting and drilling. Common examples of… …
22Nitrogen laser — A 337nm wavelength and 170 µJ pulse energy 20 Hz cartridge nitrogen laser A nitrogen laser is a gas laser operating in the ultraviolet range[1] (typically 337.1 nm) using molecular nitrogen as its gain medium, pumped by an electrical… …
23Quantum cascade laser — Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers that emit in the mid to far infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and were first demonstrated by Jerome Faist, Federico Capasso, Deborah Sivco, Carlo Sirtori, Albert Hutchinson,… …
24Fiber laser — A fiber laser or fibre laser is a laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare earth elements such as erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, and thulium. They are related to doped fiber amplifiers,… …
25Disk laser — Not to be confused with Laserdisc. Fig.1. An optically pumped disk laser (active mirror). A disk laser or active mirror (Fig.1.) is a type of solid state laser characterized by a heat sink and laser output that are realized on opposite sides of a …
26Active laser medium — The active laser medium or gain medium is the source of optical gain within a laser. The gain results from the stimulated emission of electronic or molecular transitions to a lower energy state from a higher energy statepreviously populated by a… …
27Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser — The vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL; [v ɪxl] ) is a type of semiconductor laser diode with laser beam emission perpendicular from the top surface, contrary to conventional edge emitting semiconductor lasers (also in plane lasers)… …
28Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser — A vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) is a small semiconductor laser similar to a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). VECSELs are used primarily as near infrared devices in laser cooling and spectroscopy, but have …
29TEA laser — The CO2 TEA laser was invented in the late 1960s by Dr Jacques Beaulieu working at the Defence Research Establishment, Valcartier, in Quebec, Canada. The development was kept secret until 1970 when brief details were published.C K N Patel,… …
30Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation — APOLLO shooting a laser at the Moon. The laser pulse is reflected from the retroreflectors on the Moon (see below) and returned to the telescope. The round trip time tells the distance to the Moon to great accuracy. In this picture the Moon is… …
