have found applications
31Band (algebra) — In mathematics, a band is a semigroup in which every element is idempotent (in other words equal to its own square). The lattice of varieties of bands was described independently by Birjukov, Fennemore and Gerhard. Semilattices, left zero bands,… …
32David Shmoys — Fields Computer Science, Computational complexity theory Institutions Cornell …
33Köhler , Georges J. F. — (1946–1995) German immunologist Born at Munich in Germany, Köhler was educated at the University of Freiburg, receiving his doctorate in 1974. He then worked in Cambridge at the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology (1974–76)… …
34Rotational Modulation Collimator — Rotational Modulation Collimators (or RMCs) are a specialization of the modulation collimator, an imaging device invented by Minoru Oda. Devices of this type create images of high energy X rays (or other radiations that cast shadows). Since high… …
35Swageless terminal — Unlike a swage terminal which requires a special press, roller die or rotary hammer machine to crimp it onto a wire, a swageless terminal can be attached with no more than a pair of spanners. This makes them very useful if the wire assembly must… …
36electret — /i lek trit/, n. Elect. a dielectric that possesses a permanent or semipermanent electric polarity, analogous to a permanent magnet. [1880 85; ELECTR(ICITY) + (MAGN)ET] * * * ▪ physics material that retains its electric polarization after… …
37Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …
38Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
39Physical Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Scientists discovered a new family of superconducting materials and obtained unique images of individual hydrogen atoms and of a multiple exoplanet system. Europe completed the Large Hadron Collider, and China and India took… …
40radiation — radiational, adj. /ray dee ay sheuhn/, n. 1. Physics. a. the process in which energy is emitted as particles or waves. b. the complete process in which energy is emitted by one body, transmitted through an intervening medium or space, and… …
