generalized gradient
51Dirac delta function — Schematic representation of the Dirac delta function by a line surmounted by an arrow. The height of the arrow is usually used to specify the value of any multiplicative constant, which will give the area under the function. The other convention… …
52Lagrange multiplier — Figure 1: Find x and y to maximize f(x,y) subject to a constraint (shown in red) g(x,y) = c …
53Del — For other uses, see Del (disambiguation). ∇ Del operator, represented by the nabla symbol In vector calculus, del is a vector differential operator, usually represented by the nabla symbol . When applied to a function defined on a one dimensional …
54Integral — This article is about the concept of integrals in calculus. For the set of numbers, see integer. For other uses, see Integral (disambiguation). A definite integral of a function can be represented as the signed area of the region bounded by its… …
55Measuring instrument — Captain Nemo and Professor Aronnax contemplating measuring instruments in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea …
56Ohm's law — This article is about the law related to electricity. For other uses, see Ohm s acoustic law. V, I, and R, the parameters of Ohm s law. Ohm s law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the… …
57Legendre transformation — f(x) . The function is shown in red, and the tangent line at point (x 0, f(x 0)) is shown in blue. The tangent line intersects the vertical axis at (0, f^star) and f^star is the value of the Legendre transform f^star(p 0) , where p 0=dot{f}(x 0) …
58Expectation-maximization algorithm — An expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is used in statistics for finding maximum likelihood estimates of parameters in probabilistic models, where the model depends on unobserved latent variables. EM alternates between performing an… …
59Newton's method in optimization — A comparison of gradient descent (green) and Newton s method (red) for minimizing a function (with small step sizes). Newton s method uses curvature information to take a more direct route. In mathematics, Newton s method is an iterative method… …
60Derivative (generalizations) — Derivative is a fundamental construction of differential calculus and admits many possible generalizations within the fields of mathematical analysis, combinatorics, algebra, and geometry. Derivatives in analysis In real, complex, and functional… …
