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  • 1zinc processing — Introduction       preparation of the ore for use in various products.       Zinc (Zn) is a metallic element of hexagonal close packed (hcp) crystal structure and a density of 7.13 grams per cubic centimetre. It has only moderate hardness and can …

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  • 2Graphite — For other uses, see Graphite (disambiguation). Graphite Graphite specimen General Category Native element mineral …

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  • 3Mining in the Upper Harz — The headframe of the Emperor William Shaft in Clausthal is one of the oldest surviving winding towers in Germany …

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  • 4Mineral processing — Crushing, a form of comminution, one of the unit operations of mineral processing In the field of extractive metallurgy, mineral processing, also known as mineral dressing or ore dressing, is the process of separating commercially valuable… …

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  • 5mineral deposit — Introduction       aggregate of a mineral in an unusually high concentration.       About half of the known chemical elements (chemical element) possess some metallic (metal) properties. The term metal, however, is reserved for those chemical… …

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  • 6Iron ore — Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in colour from dark grey, bright yellow, deep purple, to rusty red. The iron itself is usually found in the …

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  • 7iron processing — Introduction       use of a smelting process to turn the ore into a form from which products can be fashioned. Included in this article also is a discussion of the mining of iron and of its preparation for smelting.       Iron (Fe) is a… …

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  • 8lead processing — Introduction       preparation of the ore for use in various products.       Lead (Pb) is one of the oldest metals known, being one of seven metals used in the ancient world (the others are gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, and mercury). Its low… …

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  • 9copper processing — Introduction  use of smelting or leaching, usually followed by electrolytic refining or recovery, to turn the ore into a form from which products can be fashioned. Included in this article also is a discussion of the mining of copper and of its… …

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  • 10manganese processing — Introduction       preparation of the ore for use in various products.       Manganese (Mn) is a hard, silvery white metal with a melting point of 1,244° C (2,271° F). Ordinarily too brittle to be of structural value itself, it is an essential… …

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