functions of protocol
121Proof-of-work system — A Proof of work ( POW ) system (or protocol, or function) is an economic measure to deter denial of service attacks and other service abuses such as spams on a network by requiring some work from the service requester, usually meaning processing… …
122Transport layer — The OSI model 7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer 3 Network layer 2 …
123History of the Internet — Main article: Internet The history of the Internet starts in the 1950s and 1960s with the development of computers. This began with point to point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point to point connections… …
124IP address — For the Wikipedia user access level, see Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users. An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that… …
125World Trade Organization — WTO redirects here. For other uses, see WTO (disambiguation). World Trade Organization (English) Organisation mondiale du commerce (French) Organización Mundial del Comercio (Spanish) …
126Criticism of the APL programming language — The APL programming language has been used since the mid 1960s on mainframe computers and has itself evolved in step with computers and the computing market. APL is not widely used, but minimalistic and high level by design, at several points in… …
127Germany — /jerr meuh nee/, n. a republic in central Europe: after World War II divided into four zones, British, French, U.S., and Soviet, and in 1949 into East Germany and West Germany; East and West Germany were reunited in 1990. 84,068,216; 137,852 sq.… …
128India — /in dee euh/, n. 1. Hindi, Bharat. a republic in S Asia: a union comprising 25 states and 7 union territories; formerly a British colony; gained independence Aug. 15, 1947; became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations Jan. 26, 1950.… …
