fractional magma
41Crystallization (engineering aspects) — In chemical engineering crystallization occurs in a crystallizer. Crystallization is a unit operation through which a chemical compound, dissolved in a given solvent, precipitates under certain conditions to allow successive separation between… …
42Calc-alkaline — and calc alkalic are equivalent terms applied to groups of igneous rocks that commonly occur together and that have compositions related by the characteristic chemical trends specified below. Understanding the genesis of these rocks is important …
43Dharwar craton — The Dharwar craton in South India presents a natural cross section of late Archaean continental crust. There are three main structural zones: a root zone of highly heterogeneous petrology (from monzonite to granite) and texture (phenocryst… …
44Underplating — is the result of partial melts being produced in the mantle wedge above a subducting plate. The partial melting is induced by a lowering of the solidus by the input of water and other volatiles supplied by phase changes in the subducting slab.… …
45Caesium — xenon ← caesium → barium Rb ↑ Cs ↓ Fr …
46Geologist — A geologist is a contributor to the science of geology, studying the physical structure and processes of the Earth and planets of the solar system (see planetary geology). Training / SchoolingTheir undergraduate training typically includes… …
47Rubidium-strontium dating — The rubidium strontium dating method is a radiometric dating technique that geologists use to determine the age of rocks.Development of this process was aided by Fritz Strassmann, who later moved onto discovering nuclear fission with Otto Hahn… …
48Continental crust — The thickness of the Earth s crust (km). The continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks which form the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. This layer… …
49Formation of rocks — This article discusses how rocks are formed. There are also articles on physical rock formations, also known as strata, and the formal naming of geologic formations. The three main ways rocks are formed: * Sedimentary rocks are formed through the …
50Ultramafic rock — Ultramafic (also referred to as ultrabasic) rocks are igneous and meta igneous rocks with very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark… …
