flow turbulence
51Economic Affairs — ▪ 2006 Introduction In 2005 rising U.S. deficits, tight monetary policies, and higher oil prices triggered by hurricane damage in the Gulf of Mexico were moderating influences on the world economy and on U.S. stock markets, but some other… …
52Wind tunnel — A wind tunnel is a research tool developed to assist with studying the effects of air moving over or around solid objects.Ways that wind speed and flow are measured in wind tunnels: * Threads can be attached to the surface of study objects to… …
53Planetary boundary layer — Depiction of where the planetary boundary layer lies on a sunny day The planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), is the lowest part of the atmosphere and its behavior is directly influenced by its… …
54Cluster (spacecraft) — Cluster Operator European Space Agency in international collaboration with NASA Major contractors Dornier GmbH (now part of EADS) Mission type Orbiter Satellite of Earth …
55Combustor — Flame stabilized by cyclone. A combustor is a component or area of a gas turbine, ramjet, or scramjet engine where combustion takes place. It is also known as a burner, combustion chamber or flame holder. In a gas turbine engine, the combustor or …
56Casting (metalworking) — Casting iron in a sand mold In metalworking, casting involves pouring liquid metal into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowing it to cool and solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which… …
57Whitewater — is formed in a rapid, when a river s gradient drops enough to disturb its laminar flow and create turbulence, i.e. form a bubbly, or aerated and unstable current; the frothy water appears white. The term is also used loosely to refer to less… …
58Aerodynamics — is a branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air, particularly when it interacts with a moving object. Aerodynamics is closely related to fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, with much theory shared between them. Aerodynamics is… …
59Boundary layer — For the anatomical structure, see Boundary layer of uterus. Boundary layer visualization, showing transition from laminar to turbulent condition In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is that layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of… …
60Reynolds number — In fluid mechanics and heat transfer, the Reynolds number mathrm{Re} is a dimensionless number that gives a measure of the ratio of inertial forces ({old mathrm V} ho) to viscous forces (mu / L) and, consequently, it quantifies the relative… …
