fixed capital ratio
101Chad — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Chad <p></p> Background: <p></p> Chad, part of France s African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare, as well as invasions by Libya, before a… …
102Djibouti — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Djibouti <p></p> Background: <p></p> The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one… …
103El Salvador — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::El Salvador <p></p> Background: <p></p> El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12 year civil war,… …
104Finland — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Finland <p></p> Background: <p></p> Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of… …
105Jamaica — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Jamaica <p></p> Background: <p></p> The island discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1494 was settled by the Spanish early in the 16th century. The native Taino, who… …
106New Zealand — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::New Zealand <p></p> Background: <p></p> The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the… …
107Papua New Guinea — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Papua New Guinea <p></p> Background: <p></p> The eastern half of the island of New Guinea second largest in the world was divided between Germany (north) and the UK… …
108Suriname — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Suriname <p></p> Background: <p></p> First explored by the Spaniards in the 16th century and then settled by the English in the mid 17th century, Suriname became a… …
109Uruguay — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Uruguay <p></p> Background: <p></p> Montevideo, founded by the Spanish in 1726 as a military stronghold, soon took advantage of its natural harbor to become an… …
110Value product — The value product (VP) is an economic concept formulated by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy during the 1860s, and used in Marxian social accounting theory for capitalist economies. Its annual monetary value is approximately equal… …