first order complexity
71Correlation attack — In cryptography, correlation attacks are a class of known plaintext attacks for breaking stream ciphers whose keystream is generated by combining the output of several linear feedback shift registers (called LFSRs for the rest of this article)… …
72Church–Turing thesis — Church s thesis redirects here. For the constructive mathematics assertion, see Church s thesis (constructive mathematics). In computability theory, the Church–Turing thesis (also known as the Church–Turing conjecture, Church s thesis, Church s… …
73Conjunctive normal form — In Boolean logic, a formula is in conjunctive normal form (CNF) if it is a conjunction of clauses, where a clause is a disjunction of literals. As a normal form, it is useful in automated theorem proving. It is similar to the product of sums form …
74BIT predicate — In mathematical logic, the BIT predicate, sometimes written BIT(i,j), is a predicate which tests whether the j th bit of the number i is 1, when i is written in binary. The BIT predicate is often examined in the context of first order logic,… …
75Self-organization — is a process of attraction and repulsion in which the internal organization of a system, normally an open system, increases in complexity without being guided or managed by an outside source. Self organizing systems typically (though not always)… …
76Natural language processing — (NLP) is a field of computer science and linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages; it began as a branch of artificial intelligence.[1] In theory, natural language processing is a very attractive… …
77Gödel's incompleteness theorems — In mathematical logic, Gödel s incompleteness theorems, proved by Kurt Gödel in 1931, are two theorems stating inherent limitations of all but the most trivial formal systems for arithmetic of mathematical interest. The theorems are of… …
78Algorithm characterizations — The word algorithm does not have a generally accepted definition. Researchers are actively working in formalizing this term. This article will present some of the characterizations of the notion of algorithm in more detail. This article is a… …
79Automated theorem proving — (ATP) or automated deduction, currently the most well developed subfield of automated reasoning (AR), is the proving of mathematical theorems by a computer program. Decidability of the problem Depending on the underlying logic, the problem of… …
80Logarithm — The graph of the logarithm to base 2 crosses the x axis (horizontal axis) at 1 and passes through the points with coordinates (2, 1), (4, 2), and (8, 3) …
