first order complexity
111Lossless JPEG — The Joint Photographic Experts Group, in addition to their well known lossy image compression techniques, JPEG and JPEG 2000, also have three standards for lossless compression (of which JPEG LS has a lossy mode).Lossless JPEGLossless JPEG was… …
112Structure (mathematical logic) — In universal algebra and in model theory, a structure consists of a set along with a collection of finitary operations and relations which are defined on it. Universal algebra studies structures that generalize the algebraic structures such as… …
113Quaternary extinction event — Late Pleistocene landscape of northern Eurasia The Quaternary period saw the extinctions of numerous predominantly larger, especially megafaunal, species, many of which occurred during the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene epoch.… …
114mathematics — /math euh mat iks/, n. 1. (used with a sing. v.) the systematic treatment of magnitude, relationships between figures and forms, and relations between quantities expressed symbolically. 2. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) mathematical procedures,… …
115Original proof of Gödel's completeness theorem — The proof of Gödel s completeness theorem given by Kurt Gödel in his doctoral dissertation of 1929 (and a rewritten version of the dissertation, published as an article in 1930) is not easy to read today; it uses concepts and formalism that are… …
116Entropy (information theory) — In information theory, entropy is a measure of the uncertainty associated with a random variable. The term by itself in this context usually refers to the Shannon entropy, which quantifies, in the sense of an expected value, the information… …
117Relational model — The relational model for database management is a database model based on first order predicate logic, first formulated and proposed in 1969 by Edgar Codd. [ Derivability, Redundancy, and Consistency of Relations Stored in Large Data Banks , E.F …
118Edge detection — is a terminology in image processing and computer vision, particularly in the areas of feature detection and feature extraction, to refer to algorithms which aim at identifying points in a digital image at which the image brightness changes… …
119Rotation matrix — In linear algebra, a rotation matrix is a matrix that is used to perform a rotation in Euclidean space. For example the matrix rotates points in the xy Cartesian plane counterclockwise through an angle θ about the origin of the Cartesian… …
120Geometric group theory — is an area in mathematics devoted to the study of finitely generated groups via exploring the connections between algebraic properties of such groups and topological and geometric properties of spaces on which these groups act (that is, when the… …
