finite-horizon model
51Markov decision process — Markov decision processes (MDPs), named after Andrey Markov, provide a mathematical framework for modeling decision making in situations where outcomes are partly random and partly under the control of a decision maker. MDPs are useful for… …
52Richard Feynman — Feynman redirects here. For other uses, see Feynman (disambiguation). Richard P. Feynman Richard Feynman at Fermilab Bor …
53Insect wing — Original veins and wing posture of a dragonfly. Hoverflies hovering to mate …
54Logic and the philosophy of mathematics in the nineteenth century — John Stillwell INTRODUCTION In its history of over two thousand years, mathematics has seldom been disturbed by philosophical disputes. Ever since Plato, who is said to have put the slogan ‘Let no one who is not a geometer enter here’ over the… …
55relativity — /rel euh tiv i tee/, n. 1. the state or fact of being relative. 2. Physics. a theory, formulated essentially by Albert Einstein, that all motion must be defined relative to a frame of reference and that space and time are relative, rather than… …
56Field (physics) — The magnitude of an electric field surrounding two equally charged (repelling) particles. Brighter areas have a greater magnitude. The direction of the field is not visible …
57Causal set theory bibliography — Main article: Causal Sets This Causal Set Theory Bibliography is intended to aid causal set research. It gathers together academic papers, books, talks and PhD theses related to causal set theory and is intended to help readers find references… …
58Ontology — This article concerns ontology in philosophy. For the concept in information science, see Ontology (information science). Not to be confused with the medical concepts of oncology and odontology, or indeed ontogeny. Parmenides was among the first… …
59Necessary and sufficient condition — This article is about the formal terminology in logic. For causal meanings of the terms, see Causality. In logic, the words necessity and sufficiency refer to the implicational relationships between statements. The assertion that one statement is …
60Mathematical finance — is a field of applied mathematics, concerned with financial markets. The subject has a close relationship with the discipline of financial economics, which is concerned with much of the underlying theory. Generally, mathematical finance will… …
