finite summation
311 − 2 + 4 − 8 + · · · — In mathematics, 1 − 2 + 4 − 8 + hellip; is the infinite series whose terms are the successive powers of two with alternating signs. As a geometric series, it is characterized by its first term, 1, and its common ratio, −2. :sum {i=0}^{n} ( 2)^iAs …
32Twelvefold way — In combinatorics, the twelvefold way is a name given to a systematic classification of 12 related enumerative problems concerning two finite sets, which include the classical problems of counting permutations, combinations, multisets, and… …
33Trigonometry in Galois fields — In mathematics, the theory of quadratic extensions of finite fields supports analogies with trigonometry.The main motivation to deal with a finite field trigonometry is the power of the discrete transforms, which play an important role in… …
34analysis — /euh nal euh sis/, n., pl. analyses / seez /. 1. the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements (opposed to synthesis). 2. this process as a method of studying the nature of something or of determining its… …
35Central limit theorem — This figure demonstrates the central limit theorem. The sample means are generated using a random number generator, which draws numbers between 1 and 100 from a uniform probability distribution. It illustrates that increasing sample sizes result… …
36Dedekind number — …
37Euler–Maclaurin formula — In mathematics, the Euler–Maclaurin formula provides a powerful connection between integrals (see calculus) and sums. It can be used to approximate integrals by finite sums, or conversely to evaluate finite sums and infinite series using… …
38Fourier analysis — In mathematics, Fourier analysis is a subject area which grew out of the study of Fourier series. The subject began with trying to understand when it was possible to represent general functions by sums of simpler trigonometric functions. The… …
39Direct sum of modules — For the broader use of the term in mathematics, see Direct sum. In abstract algebra, the direct sum is a construction which combines several modules into a new, larger module. The result of the direct summation of modules is the smallest general… …
40optics — /op tiks/, n. (used with a sing. v.) the branch of physical science that deals with the properties and phenomena of both visible and invisible light and with vision. [1605 15; < ML optica < Gk optiká, n. use of neut. pl. of OPTIKÓS; see OPTIC,… …
