expectation value
71Wigner quasi-probability distribution — See also Wigner distribution, a disambiguation page. The Wigner quasi probability distribution (also called the Wigner function or the Wigner Ville distribution) is a special type of quasi probability distribution. It was introduced by Eugene… …
72Von Neumann entropy — In quantum statistical mechanics, von Neumann entropy refers to the extension of classical entropy concepts to the field of quantum mechanics.John von Neumann rigorously established the correct mathematical framework for quantum mechanics with… …
73Neutrino — For other uses, see Neutrino (disambiguation). Neutrino/Antineutrino The first use of a hydrogen bubble chamber to detect neutrinos, on November 13, 1970. A neutrino hit a proton in a hydrogen atom. The collision occurred at the point where three …
74Yukawa interaction — In particle physics, Yukawa s interaction, named after Hideki Yukawa, is an interaction between a scalar field phi and a Dirac field Psi of the type:V approx garPsi phi Psi (scalar) or g ar Psi gamma^5 phi Psi (pseudoscalar).The Yukawa… …
75Ritz method — In physics, the Ritz method is a variational method named after Walter Ritz.In quantum mechanics, a system of particles can be described in terms of an energy functional or Hamiltonian, which will measure the energy of any proposed configuration… …
76Exchange interaction — In physics, the exchange interaction is a quantum mechanical effect without classical analog which increases or decreases the expectation value of the energy or distance between two or more identical particles when their wave functions overlap.… …
77Mermin–Wagner theorem — In quantum field theory and statistical mechanics, the Mermin–Wagner theorem (also known as Mermin–Wagner–Hohenberg theorem or Coleman theorem) states that continuous symmetries cannot be spontaneously broken at finite temperature in systems with …
78Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics) — In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a …
79QCD vacuum — The QCD vacuum is the vacuum state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It is an example of a non perturbative vacuum state, characterized by many non vanishing condensates such as the gluon condensate or the quark condensate. These condensates… …
80Mass spectrometry software — is software used for data acquisition, analysis, or representation in mass spectrometry. Contents 1 MS/MS peptide identification 1.1 Database search algorithms 1.1.1 SEQUEST 1.1.2 …
