excitation curve
71ionosphere and magnetosphere — ▪ atmospheric science Introduction regions of Earth s (Earth) atmosphere in which the number of electrically charged particles ions (ion) and electrons (electron) are large enough to affect the propagation of radio waves (electromagnetic… …
72physical science, principles of — Introduction the procedures and concepts employed by those who study the inorganic world. physical science, like all the natural sciences, is concerned with describing and relating to one another those experiences of the surrounding… …
73China Railways DF11 — DF11 Dongfeng 11 Dongfeng 11 diesel engine vehicles passing through MTR University Station Power type Diesel electric Builder Qishuyan Locomotive Works Serial number …
74Negative index metamaterials — A negative index metamaterial causes light to refract, or bend, differently than in more common positive refractive index materials. Negative index metamaterials or negative index materials (NIM) are artificial structures where the refractive… …
75Duane–Hunt law — Spectrum of the X rays emitted by an X ray tube with a rhodium target, operated at 60 kV. The continuous curve is due to bremsstrahlung, and the spikes are characteristic K lines for rhodium. The Duane–Hunt law explains why the continuous curve… …
76Cosmic microwave background radiation — CMB and Cosmic background radiation redirect here. For other uses see CMB (disambiguation) and Cosmic background (disambiguation). Physical cosmology …
77Optics — For the book by Sir Isaac Newton, see Opticks. Optical redirects here. For the musical artist, see Optical (artist). Optics includes study of dispersion of light. Optics is the branch of …
78Photosynthesis — Composite image showing the global distribution of photosynthesis, including both oceanic phytoplankton and vegetation …
79Stellar classification — In astronomy, stellar classification is a classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics. The spectral class of a star is a designated class of a star describing the ionization of its chromosphere, what atomic excitations are… …
80Thermocouple — plugged to a multimeter displaying room temperature in °C. A thermocouple is a device consisting of two different conductors (usually metal alloys) that produce a voltage proportional to a temperature difference between either end of the pair of… …
