excessive indebtedness
61JOB, BOOK OF — (named for its hero (Heb. אִיּוֹב), ancient South Arabian and Thamudic yʾb; Old Babylonian Ayyābum, Tell el Amarna tablet, no. 256, line 6, A ia ab; either from yʾb, to bear ill will or compounded of ay where? and ʾab (divine) father ), one of… …
62JOSEPH — (Heb. יְהוֹסֵף, יוֹסֵף), son of jacob and Rachel. He was born in Paddan Aram after his mother had been barren for seven years (Gen. 29:20, 30; 30:22–24, 25; 31:41). Nothing is related of his childhood. Joseph and His Brothers At the age of 17… …
63JOSEPHUS FLAVIUS — (c. 37–after 100 C.E.), Jewish historian and one of the chief representatives of Jewish Hellenistic literature. BIOGRAPHY Early Life Born in Jerusalem into an aristocratic priestly family belonging to the mishmeret of Jehoiarib, through his… …
64PHILANTHROPY — Introduction At the close of the 18th century the communal system of fund raising for charity with authority vested in the charity overseers (Gabba ei Ẓedakah) – to tax members of the community in order to ensure appropriate giving – was on the… …
