equal probability
81indifference, principle of — The principle named (but rejected) by Keynes, whereby if there is no known reason for asserting one rather than another out of several alternatives, then relative to our knowledge they have an equal probability. Without restriction the principle… …
82Branching process — In probability theory, a branching process is a Markov process that models a population in which each individual in generation n produces some random number of individuals in generation n + 1, according to a fixed probability distribution that… …
83Parrondo's paradox — is a paradox in game theory and is often described as: A losing strategy that wins . It is named after its creator Juan Parrondo, a Spanish physicist. Mathematically a more involved statement is given as:: Given two games, each with a higher… …
84Computerized classification test — A computerized classification test (CCT) refers to, as its name would suggest, a test that is administered by computer for the purpose of classifying examinees. The most common CCT is a mastery test where the test classifies examinees as Pass or… …
85Fisher-Yates shuffle — The Fisher Yates shuffle, named after Ronald Fisher and Frank Yates, also known as the Knuth shuffle, after Donald Knuth, is an algorithm for generating a random permutation of a finite set in plain terms, for randomly shuffling the set. A… …
86sampling — /sam pling, sahm /, n. 1. the act or process of selecting a sample for testing, analyzing, etc. 2. the sample so selected. [1630 40; SAMPLE + ING1] * * * ▪ statistics in statistics, a process or method of drawing a representative group of… …
87sampling — A method for collecting information and drawing inferences about a larger population or universe, from the analysis of only part thereof, the sample. Censuses of the population are an expensive way of monitoring social and economic change, and… …
88Thermodynamic temperature — is the absolute measure of temperature and is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic temperature is an “absolute” scale because it is the measure of the fundamental property underlying temperature: its null or zero point …
89Random sample — A sample is a subject chosen from a population for investigation. A random sample is one chosen by a method involving an unpredictable component. Random sampling can also refer to taking a number of independent observations from the same… …
90Optional stopping theorem — In probability theory, the optional stopping theorem (or Doob s optional sampling theorem) says that, under certain conditions, the expected value of a martingale at a stopping time is equal to its initial value (and also expected value at any… …
