equal probability
61Randomness — Random redirects here. For other uses, see Random (disambiguation). For a random Wikipedia article, see Special:Random. For information about Wikipedia s random article feature, see Wikipedia:Random. Randomness has somewhat differing meanings as… …
62combinatorics — /keuhm buy neuh tawr iks, tor , kom beuh /, n. (used with singular v.) See combinatorial analysis. * * * Branch of mathematics concerned with the selection, arrangement, and combination of objects chosen from a finite set. The number of possible… …
63Gambler's fallacy — The Gambler s fallacy, also known as the Monte Carlo fallacy (because its most famous example happened in a Monte Carlo Casino in 1913)[1], and also referred to as the fallacy of the maturity of chances, is the belief that if deviations from… …
64Standard deviation — In probability and statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the dispersion of a collection of values. It can apply to a probability distribution, a random variable, a population or a data set. The standard deviation is usually denoted… …
65Statistical mechanics — is the application of probability theory, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the field of mechanics, which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects when subjected to a force.Statistical mechanics …
66Infinite monkey theorem — Not to be confused with Hundredth monkey effect. Given enough time, a hypothetical monkey typing at random would, as part of its output, almost surely produce all of Shakespeare s plays. In this image a chimpanzee is giving it a try. The infinite …
67Sampling (statistics) — Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of individual observations intended to yield some knowledge about a population of concern, especially for the purposes of statistical inference. Each observation measures… …
68Brain teaser — A brain teaser is a form of puzzle that involves a lot of cogitating or mental/cognitive activity to solve. Normally, this includes thinking in conventional ways with given constraints in mind; sometimes, it also involves lateral thinking. Logic… …
69Bloom filter — The Bloom filter, conceived by Burton H. Bloom in 1970, is a space efficient probabilistic data structure that is used to test whether an element is a member of a set. False positives are possible, but false negatives are not. Elements can be… …
70Erdős–Rényi model — In graph theory, the Erdős Rényi model, named for Paul Erdős and Alfréd Rényi, is either of two models for generating random graphs, including one that sets an edge between each pair of nodes with equal probability, independently of the other… …
