energy diagram
51Marcus theory — is a theory originally developed by Rudolph A. Marcus, starting in 1956, to explain the rates of electron transfer reactions – the rate at which an electron can move or jump from one chemical species (called the electron donor) to another (called …
52reaction mechanism — Introduction in chemical reactions (chemical reaction), the detailed processes by which chemical substances are transformed into other substances. The reactions themselves may involve the interactions of atoms (atom), molecules (molecule),… …
53Spinodal decomposition — is a method by which a mixture of two or more materials can separate into distinct regions with different material concentrations. This method differs from nucleation in that phase separation due to spinodal decomposition occurs throughout the… …
54Carrier scattering — Defect types include atom vacancies, adatoms, steps, and kinks which occur most frequently at surfaces due to finite material size causing crystal discontinuity. What all types of defects have in common, whether they be surface or bulk, is that… …
55spectroscopy — spectroscopist /spek tros keuh pist/, n. /spek tros keuh pee, spek treuh skoh pee/, n. the science that deals with the use of the spectroscope and with spectrum analysis. [1865 70; SPECTRO + SCOPY] * * * Branch of analysis devoted to identifying… …
56Catalysis — Catalyst redirects here. For other uses, see Catalyst (disambiguation). Solid heterogeneous catalysts such as in automobile catalytic converters are plated on structures designed to maximize their surface area …
57Membrane transport — In cellular biology the term membrane transport refers to the collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of solutes such as ions and small molecules through biological membranes namely lipid bilayers that contain proteins embedded in them …
58Zero-phonon line and phonon sideband — The zero phonon line and the phonon sideband jointly constitute the line shape of individual light absorbing and emitting molecules (chromophores) embedded into a transparent solid matrix. When the host matrix contains many chromophores, each… …
59Curtin–Hammett principle — The Curtin–Hammett principle is a principle in chemical kinetics proposed by David Yarrow Curtin and Louis Plack Hammett. It states that, for a reaction that has a pair of reactive intermediates or reactants that interconvert rapidly (as is… …
60Chiral Lewis acid — Chiral Lewis acids (CLAs) are a novel class of Lewis acid catalyst used in enantioselective asymmetric synthesis reactions which produce optically active products from optically inactive or impure starting materials. This type of preferential… …
