energy budget equation
21Ammonia — For other uses, see Ammonia (disambiguation). Ammonia …
22Radiative forcing — In climate science, radiative forcing is generally defined as the change in net irradiance between different layers of the atmosphere. Typically, radiative forcing is quantified at the tropopause in units of watts per square meter. A positive… …
23Current sea level rise — This article is about the current and future rise in sea level associated with global warming. For sea level changes in Earth s history, see Sea level#Changes through geologic time. Sea level measurements from 23 long tide gauge records in… …
24Outline of hydrology — The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to hydrology: Hydrology – study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and… …
25Bowen ratio — A Bowen ratio is the ratio of energy fluxes from one medium to another by sensible and latent heating respectively. It is calculated by the equation : B = {frac{Q h}{Q e,where Q h is sensible heating and Q e is latent heating. The quantity was… …
26global warming — an increase in the earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect. [1975 80] * * * Potential increase in global average surface temperatures resulting from… …
27atmosphere, evolution of — Introduction the development of Earth s (Earth) atmosphere across geologic time. The process by which the current atmosphere arose from earlier conditions is complex; however, evidence related to the evolution of Earth s atmosphere, though… …
28Climate model — This article is about the theories and mathematics of climate modeling. For computer driven prediction of Earth s climate, see Global climate model. Climate models are systems of differential equations based on the basic laws of physics, fluid… …
29Societal collapse — broadly includes both quite abrupt societal failures typified by collapses (such as that of the Mayan Civilization), as well as more extended gradual declines of superpowers (like the Roman empire in Western Europe and the Han Dynasty in East… …
30ice in lakes and rivers — Introduction a sheet or stretch of ice forming on the surface of lakes and rivers when the temperature drops below freezing (0° C [32° F]). The nature of the ice formations may be as simple as a floating layer that gradually thickens, or it …
