endomorphism
21Characteristic subgroup — In mathematics, particularly in the area of abstract algebra known as group theory, a characteristic subgroup is a subgroup that is invariant under all automorphisms of the parent group.[1][2] Because conjugation is an automorphism, every… …
22Cayley–Hamilton theorem — In linear algebra, the Cayley–Hamilton theorem (named after the mathematicians Arthur Cayley and William Hamilton) states that every square matrix over the real or complex field satisfies its own characteristic equation.More precisely; if A is… …
23Algebraically closed field — In mathematics, a field F is said to be algebraically closed if every polynomial in one variable of degree at least 1, with coefficients in F , has a root in F . ExamplesAs an example, the field of real numbers is not algebraically closed,… …
24Linear map — In mathematics, a linear map, linear mapping, linear transformation, or linear operator (in some contexts also called linear function) is a function between two vector spaces that preserves the operations of vector addition and scalar… …
25Ring (mathematics) — This article is about algebraic structures. For geometric rings, see Annulus (mathematics). For the set theory concept, see Ring of sets. Polynomials, represented here by curves, form a ring under addition and multiplication. In mathematics, a… …
26Injective module — In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory, an injective module is a module Q that shares certain desirable properties with the Z module Q of all rational numbers. Specifically, if Q is a submodule of some… …
27Indecomposable module — In abstract algebra, a module is indecomposable if it is non zero and cannot be written as a direct sum of two non zero submodules.Indecomposable is a weaker notion than simple module:simple means no proper submodule N < M,while indecomposable… …
28Retract (group theory) — In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a subgroup of a group is termed a retract if there is an endomorphism of the group that maps surjectively to the subgroup and is identity on the subgroup. In symbols, H is a retract of G if and only… …
29Minimal polynomial (linear algebra) — For the minimal polynomial of an algebraic element of a field, see Minimal polynomial (field theory). In linear algebra, the minimal polynomial μA of an n by n matrix A over a field F is the monic polynomial P over F of least degree such that… …
30Jordan–Chevalley decomposition — In mathematics, the Jordan–Chevalley decomposition, named after Camille Jordan and Claude Chevalley (also known as Dunford decomposition, named after Nelson Dunford, as well as SN decomposition), expresses a linear operator as the sum of its… …
