end-to-end data packet transfer delay
31Network performance — refers to the service quality of a telecommunications product as seen by the customer. It should not be seen merely as an attempt to get more through the network. The following list gives examples of Network Performance measures for a circuit… …
32TCP/IP model — See also: Internet Protocol Suite The TCP/IP model (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a descriptive framework for the Internet Protocol Suite of computer network protocols created in the 1970s by DARPA, an agency of the United… …
33Telebit — was a US based modem manufacturer, most notable for their TrailBlazer series of high speed modems. One of the first modems to routinely exceed 9600 bit/s speeds, the TrailBlazer used a proprietary modulation scheme that proved highly resilient to …
34Satellite Internet access — Satellite Internet services are used in locations where terrestrial Internet access is not available and in locations which move frequently. Internet access via satellite is available worldwide, including vessels at sea and mobile land… …
35Protocol spoofing — is used in data communications to improve performance in situations where an existing protocol is inadequate, for example due to long delays or high error rates.Note: In a computer security context, spoofing refers to various forms of… …
36Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …
37Passive optical network — A passive optical network (PON) is a point to multipoint, fiber to the premises network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises, typically 32 128. A PON consists of an …
38Message switching — In telecommunications, message switching was the precursor of packet switching, where messages were routed in their entirety, one hop at a time. It was first introduced by Leonard Kleinrock in 1961. Message switching systems are nowadays mostly… …
39Integrated Services Digital Network — ISDN redirects here. For other uses, see ISDN (disambiguation). Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communications standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the… …
40Germany — /jerr meuh nee/, n. a republic in central Europe: after World War II divided into four zones, British, French, U.S., and Soviet, and in 1949 into East Germany and West Germany; East and West Germany were reunited in 1990. 84,068,216; 137,852 sq.… …
