emendation of a text
11Masoretic text — ▪ Jewish Bible (from Hebrew masoreth, “tradition”), traditional Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible, meticulously assembled and codified, and supplied with diacritical marks to enable correct pronunciation. This monumental work was begun around …
12MISHNAH — (Heb. מִשְׁנָה). The term mishnah is used in a number of different ways (see below), but when used as a proper noun ( the Mishnah ) it designates the collection of rabbinic traditions redacted by Rabbi judah ha nasi (usually called simply Rabbi ) …
13Textual criticism — Carmina Cantabrigiensia, Manuscript C, folio 436v, 11th century Textual criticism (or lower criticism) is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts.… …
14ELIJAH BEN SOLOMON ZALMAN — (the Vilna Gaon or Elijah Gaon ; acronym Ha GRA = Ha Gaon Rabbi Eliyahu; 1720–1797), one of the greatest spiritual and intellectual leaders of Jewry in modern times. A man of iron will, Elijah combined the personal life of an intellectual hermit… …
15The Book of Mormon and the King James Bible — The Book of Mormon contains many linguistic similarities to the King James Bible. In some cases, entire passages of scripture are duplicated in the Book of Mormon. Sometimes the source is acknowledged, as in the book of sourcetext|source=Book of… …
16IBN EZRA, ABRAHAM BEN MEIR — (1089–1164), one of the most important Jewish Bible exegetes; also a poet, composer of piyyutim , grammarian, translator, philosopher, astronomer, and astrologer. Exceptionally erudite, he was among the last creative geniuses of the Spanish… …
17Aristarch von Samos — Aristarchos von Samos, Denkmal an der Aristoteles Universität Thessaloniki, Griechenland Aristarch(os) von Samos (gr: Ἀρίσταρχος; * um 310 v. Chr. auf Samos; † um 230 v. Chr.) war ein griechischer Astronom und Mathematiker …
18Roman commerce — Roman trade was the engine that drove the Roman economy of the late Republic and the early Empire. Fashions and trends in historiography and in popular culture have tended to neglect the economic basis of the empire in favor of the lingua franca… …
19Aristarchos von Samos — Aristarch(os) von Samos (gr: Ἀρίσταρχος; * um 310 v. Chr. auf Samos; † um 230 v. Chr.) war ein griechischer Astronom und Mathematiker. Er war ein Schüler von Straton von Lampsakos und einer der ersten griechischen Astronomen, die das… …
20Iamblichus — For the Greek novelist, see Iamblichus (novelist) (165 180). Iamblichus, also known as Iamblichus Chalcidensis, (Ancient Greek: polytonic|᾽Ιάμβλιχος, prob. fr. Syriac or Aramaic ya mlku , He is king , c. 245 c. 325) was a Syrian [George Sarton… …
