electron diffraction analysis of surface layers
21Carbon nanocone — SEM images of a carbon disk (top left image) and free standing hollow carbon nanocones produced by pyrolysis of heavy oil in the Kvaerner Carbon Black Hydrogen Process. Maximum diameter is about 1 micrometer.[1] …
22Пар-жидкость-кристалл — Эта статья содержит незавершённый перевод с иностранного языка. Вы можете помочь проекту, переведя её до конца. Если вы знаете, на каком языке написан фрагмент, укажите его в этом шаблоне …
23Bryozoa — Temporal range: Upper Cambrian–Recent[1] …
24Ion Beam Mixing — is a process for adhering two multilayers, especially a substrate and deposited surface layer. The process involves bombarding layered samples with doses of ion radiation in order to promote mixing at the interface, and generally serves as a… …
25Superlens — A superlens, super lens or perfect lens is a lens which uses metamaterials to go beyond the diffraction limit. The diffraction limit is an inherent limitation in conventional optical devices or lenses.[1] In 2000, a type of lens was proposed,… …
26Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
27Physical Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Scientists discovered a new family of superconducting materials and obtained unique images of individual hydrogen atoms and of a multiple exoplanet system. Europe completed the Large Hadron Collider, and China and India took… …
28X-ray fluorescence — (XRF) is the emission of characteristic secondary (or fluorescent) X rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high energy X rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis,… …
29spectroscopy — spectroscopist /spek tros keuh pist/, n. /spek tros keuh pee, spek treuh skoh pee/, n. the science that deals with the use of the spectroscope and with spectrum analysis. [1865 70; SPECTRO + SCOPY] * * * Branch of analysis devoted to identifying… …
30Earth Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Geology and Geochemistry The theme of the 33rd International Geological Congress, which was held in Norway in August 2008, was “Earth System Science: Foundation for Sustainable Development.” It was attended by nearly… …
