effective quantum number
121Vacuum — This article is about empty physical space or the absence of matter. For other uses, see Vacuum (disambiguation). Free space redirects here. For other uses, see Free space (disambiguation). Pump to demonstrate vacuum In everyday usage, vacuum is… …
122Shot noise — Photon noise simulation. Shot noise is a type of electronic noise that may be dominant when the finite number of particles that carry energy (such as electrons in an electronic circuit or photons in an optical device) is sufficiently small so… …
123Free will — This article is about the philosophical questions of free will. For other uses, see Free will (disambiguation). A domino s movement is determined completely by laws of physics. Incompatibilists say that this is a threat to free will, but… …
124photochemical reaction — Chemical reaction initiated by absorption of energy in the form of visible (light), ultraviolet, or infrared radiation. Primary photochemical processes occur as an immediate result, and secondary processes may follow. The most important example… …
125History of military technology — Part of a series on Science …
126Thermodynamic temperature — is the absolute measure of temperature and is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic temperature is an “absolute” scale because it is the measure of the fundamental property underlying temperature: its null or zero point …
127Modern history — Modern and Modern Age redirect here. For other uses, see Modern (disambiguation) and Modern Age (disambiguation). Human history This box: view · talk · …
128Topological string theory — In theoretical physics, topological string theory is a simplified version of string theory. The operators in topological string theory represent the algebra of operators in the full string theory that preserve a certain amount of supersymmetry.… …
