economic and mathematical
11Economic interdependence — is a consequence of specialization, or the division of labor, and is almost universal. It was described as early as 1828, when A. A. Cournot wrote: : but in reality the economic system is a whole of which the parts are connected and react on each …
12Mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints — (MPEC) is the study of constrained optimization problems where the constraints include variational inequalities or complementarities. MPEC is related to the Stackelberg game. MPEC is used in the study of engineering design, economic equilibrium… …
13Mathematical optimization — For other uses, see Optimization (disambiguation). The maximum of a paraboloid (red dot) In mathematics, computational science, or management science, mathematical optimization (alternatively, optimization or mathematical programming) refers to… …
14economic planning — Use of government to make economic decisions with respect to the use of resources. In communist countries with a state planning apparatus, detailed and rigid planning results in a command economy; land, capital, and the means of production are… …
15economic growth — Process by which a nation s wealth increases over time. The most widely used measure of economic growth is the real rate of growth in a country s total output of goods and services (gauged by the gross domestic product adjusted for inflation, or… …
16Mathematical model — Not to be confused with the same term that is used in model theory, a branch of mathematical logic. An artifact that is used to illustrate a mathematical idea may also be called a mathematical model, the usage of which is the reverse of the sense …
17Economic growth — GDP real growth rates, 1990–1998 and 1990–2006, in selected countries …
18economic forecasting — Prediction of future economic activity and developments. Economic forecasts, which range from a few weeks to many years, are widely used in business and government to help formulate policy and strategy. Macroeconomic forecasts predict the course… …
19mathematical programming — Application of mathematical and computer programming techniques to the construction of deterministic models, principally for business and economics. For models that only require linear algebraic equations, the techniques are called linear… …
20Economic indicator — Economics …
