ecological efficiency
91Trophic state index — The quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other biologically useful nutrients are the primary determinants of a body of water s trophic state index (TSI). Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus tend to be limiting resources in standing water …
92Animal coloration — Chapman s Zebras in Botswana, displaying their outline disrupting camouflage Animal coloration has been a topic of interest and research in biology for well over a century. According to Charles Darwin s 1859 theory of natural selection,[1 …
93Consumer (food chain) — Spotted hyenas eating a dead Impala. Hyenas are one example of a consumer. Consumers are organisms of an ecological food chain that receive their energy by consuming other organisms. These organisms are formally referred to as heterotrophs, which …
94Consumer-resource systems — Figure 1. Consumer categories based on material eaten (plant: green shades are live, brown shades are dead; animal: red shades are live, purple shades are dead; or particulate: grey shades) and feeding strategy (gatherer: lighter shade of each… …
95Copiotroph — A Copiotroph is an organism that tends to be found in environments which are rich in nutrients, particularly carbon, and are the opposite to oligotrophs, which survive in much lower carbon concentrations. Copiotrophic organisms tend to grow in… …
96Dominance (ecology) — For other uses, see Dominance. Rhizophoraceae dominate tropical tidal swamps Ecological dominance is the degree to which a species is more numerous than its competitors in an ecological community, or makes up more of the biomass. Most ecological… …
97Mutualism (biology) — Hummingbird Hawkmoth drinking from Dianthus. Pollination is a classic example of mutualism. Mutualism is the way two organisms of different species biologically interact in a relationship in which each individual derives a fitness benefit (i.e.,… …
98Niche apportionment models — Mechanistic models for niche apportionment are biological models used to explain relative species abundance distributions. These models describe how species break up resource pool in multi dimensional space, determining the distribution of… …
99Microbial cooperation — Microorganisms engage in a wide variety of social interactions, including cooperation. A cooperative behavior is one that benefits an individual (the recipient) other than the one performing the behavior (the actor).[1] This article outlines the… …
100Overexploitation — Atlantic cod stocks were severely overexploited in the 1970s and 1980s, leading to their abrupt collapse in 1992.[1] Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns.… …
