ecological efficiency
31Plant defense against herbivory — Poison ivy produces urushiol to protect the plant from herbivores. In humans this chemical produces an allergic skin rash, known as urushiol induced contact dermatitis …
32Cold seep — Marine habitats Tube worms are among the dominant species in one of four cold seep community types in the Gulf of Mexico. Littoral zone …
33Competitive exclusion principle — In ecology, the competitive exclusion principle,[1] sometimes referred to as Gause s law of competitive exclusion or just Gause s law,[2] is a proposition which states that two species competing for the same resources cannot coexist if other… …
34Metapopulation — A metapopulation consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species which interact at some level. The term metapopulation was coined by Richard Levins in 1970 to describe a model of population dynamics of insect pests in… …
35Niche differentiation — The term niche differentiation (synonymous with niche segregation, niche separation and niche partitioning), as it applies to the field of ecology, refers to the process by which natural selection drives competing species into different patterns… …
36Non-trophic networks — Any action or influence that species have on each other is considered a biological interaction. These interactions between species can be considered in several ways. One such way is to depict interactions in the form of a network, which… …
37Cross-boundary subsidy — Alaskan boreal forest in Yukon National Wildlife Refuge Cross boundary subsidies are caused by organisms or materials that cross or traverse habitat patch boundaries, subsidizing the resident populations. The transferred organisms and materials… …
38Disturbance (ecology) — Damages of storm Kyrill in Wittgenstein, Germany. In ecology, a disturbance is a temporary change in average environmental conditions that causes a pronounced change in an ecosystem. Outside disturbance forces often act quickly and with great… …
39Environmental niche modelling — Environmental niche modelling, alternatively known as species distribution modelling, (ecological) niche modelling, and climate envelope modelling refers to the process of using computer algorithms to predict the distribution of species in… …
40Carnivore — Carnivorism redirects here. For the diet, see No carbohydrate diet. For other uses, see Carnivore (disambiguation). Lions are voracious carnivores; they require up to seven kilograms (15 lbs) of meat per day. A major component of their diet is… …
