easy gradient
31Lagrange multiplier — Figure 1: Find x and y to maximize f(x,y) subject to a constraint (shown in red) g(x,y) = c …
32Ising model — The Ising model, named after the physicist Ernst Ising, is a mathematical model in statistical mechanics. It has since been used to model diverse phenomena in which bits of information, interacting in pairs, produce collectiveeffects.Definition… …
33Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm — In mathematics and computing, the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA)[1] provides a numerical solution to the problem of minimizing a function, generally nonlinear, over a space of parameters of the function. These minimization problems arise… …
34Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …
35Coriolis effect — For the psychophysical perception effect, see Coriolis effect (perception). Classical mechanics Newton s Second Law …
36Vent — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Vent (homonymie). Le vent est le mouvement d’une atmosphère, masse de gaz située à la surface d une planète. Les vents les plus violents connus ont lieu sur Neptune et sur Saturne. Il est essentiel à tous les… …
37fluid mechanics — an applied science dealing with the basic principles of gaseous and liquid matter. Cf. fluid dynamics. [1940 45] * * * Study of the effects of forces and energy on liquids and gases. One branch of the field, hydrostatics, deals with fluids at… …
38Objectivity (frame invariance) — The concept of objectivity in science means that qualitative and quantitative descriptions of physical phenomena remain unchanged when the phenomena are observed under a variety of conditions. For example, physical processes (e.g. material… …
39Sunglasses — For the Divine Brown song, see Sunglasses (song). Wearing sunglasses under direct sunlight: Large lenses offer good protection, but broad temple arms are also needed against stray light from the sides. Sunglasses or sun glasses are a form of… …
40Qanat — A qanat (from ar. قناة) or kareez (from fa. كاريز) is a water management system used to provide a reliable supply of water to human settlements or for irrigation in hot, arid and semi arid climates. The technology is known to have developed in… …
