distance measurements
1Distance matrices in phylogeny — Distance matrices are used in phylogeny as non parametric distance methods were originally applied to phenetic data using a matrix of pairwise distances. These distances are then reconciled to produce a tree (a phylogram, with informative branch… …
2Distance (graph theory) — Geodesic distance redirects here. For distances on the surface of the Earth, see Great circle distance. In the mathematical field of graph theory, the distance between two vertices in a graph is the number of edges in a shortest path connecting… …
3Cosmic distance ladder — * Light green boxes: Technique applicable to star forming galaxies. * Light blue boxes: Technique applicable to Population II galaxies. * Light Purple boxes: Geometric distance technique. * Light Red box: The planetary nebula luminosity function… …
4Astronomical distance — Astronomical distances are distances in outer space, occurring on a much larger scale than those on Earth. For instance, the distance to (Proxima Centauri), the closest star to our solar system, is about 40,000,000,000,000 kilometers.For this… …
5Pupillary distance — (PD) is the distance (usually measured in millimeters) between the centers of the pupils in each eye. This measurement is used when making prescription eyeglasses. Positioning lenses correctly in relation to the pupil centers is especially… …
6Action at a distance (physics) — In physics, action at a distance is the interaction of two objects which are separated in space with no known mediator of the interaction. This term was used most often with early theories of gravity and electromagnetism to describe how an object …
7Theory of incomplete measurements — The Theory of Incomplete Measurements (TIM) is an attempt to unify Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity by focusing on physical measurement processes. In that theory, general relativity is a continuous approximation of discrete measurements,… …
8Inter-pupillary distance — InterPupillary Distance (IPD). This is the distance between the two eyes of a human being, measured at the pupils. It is significant in the design of eye glasses, binoculars, and in the need or otherwise for stereoscopic vision. See also under… …
9Mahalanobis distance — In statistics, Mahalanobis distance is a distance measure introduced by P. C. Mahalanobis in 1936.[1] It is based on correlations between variables by which different patterns can be identified and analyzed. It gauges similarity of an unknown… …
10Extragalactic distance scale — The extragalactic distance scale is a series of techniques used today by astronomers to determine the distance of cosmological bodies (beyond our own galaxy) not easily obtained with traditional methods. Some procedures utilize properties of… …
